{"id":56992,"date":"2023-01-05T15:53:22","date_gmt":"2023-01-05T12:53:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/?p=56992"},"modified":"2023-01-05T15:53:22","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T12:53:22","slug":"cobol-nedir-en-onemli-ozellikleri-nelerdir-metrikolog","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/cobol-nedir-en-onemli-ozellikleri-nelerdir-metrikolog\/","title":{"rendered":"COBOL Nedir? En \u00d6nemli \u00d6zellikleri Nelerdir? \/ Metrikolog"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-56993 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-1.png\" alt=\"COBOL\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-1.png 800w, https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-1-768x384.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Yaz\u0131l\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermesi ile bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi yeni bir programlama dili \u00f6\u011frenme veya hali haz\u0131rda bildi\u011fi programlama dillerini geli\u015ftirme u\u011fra\u015f\u0131na girdi. Gelin bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde 63. isim y\u0131l\u0131na girecek bir programlama dili olan COBOL hakk\u0131nda biraz konu\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">COBOL Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) yani Ortak \u0130\u015f Odakl\u0131 Dil, 1959 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00fcniversiteler, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler ve ticari kurulu\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan bir komite taraf\u0131ndan piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 18 Eyl\u00fcl 1959\u2019da ise COBOL ismi bu komite karar\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndan da anlayabilece\u011fimiz gibi COBOL, asl\u0131nda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada ortak bir bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir programlama dilidir. Bunun sonucunda baz\u0131 \u00fcst d\u00fczey bilgisayar programlama dillerinden farkl\u0131 olarak COBOL, insanlar\u0131n anlamas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcnyesinde basit \u0130ngilizce kelimelere ve ifadelere yer verir. ISAM yap\u0131s\u0131na izin veren birka\u00e7 dilden biri olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda say\u0131 tipinin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmas\u0131 da asl\u0131nda \u00f6nemli olan \u00f6zelliklerindendir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu arada konumuz COBOL ise Tu\u011famiral Grace Hopper\u2019dan bahsetmeden devam etmemiz pek do\u011fru olmaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Grace Hopper\u2019\u0131n 1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda, FLOW-MATIC programlama dili \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 olmasayd\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimalle \u015fu anda COBOL\u2019dan bahsedemezdik. COBOL\u2019un b\u00fcy\u00fckannesi olarak da bilinen Tu\u011famiral Grace Hopper\u2019\u0131 da and\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re gelin konumuzu biraz daha detayland\u0131ral\u0131m\ud83d\ude0a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-56994 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-3.png\" alt=\"yaz\u0131l\u0131m\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-3.png 800w, https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-3-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-3-768x384.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>COBOL\u2019dan \u00f6nce b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fletim sistemlerinin kendilerine \u00f6zel programlama dilleri vard\u0131. Bu da beraberinde bir\u00e7ok soruna yol a\u00e7\u0131yordu. \u00d6zellikle ayn\u0131 anda farkl\u0131 bilgisayar markalar\u0131 kullanan \u015firketler i\u00e7in zorlu bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreci oluyordu. Bu sorunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak i\u015fletim sistemlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kullan\u0131labilme \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan COBOL, bir anda en \u00e7ok tercih edilen programlama dillerinden biri haline geldi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde modas\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir programlama dili olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclse de kullan\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131nabilirlik \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile bir\u00e7ok firma ilk \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda COBOL&#8217;a ge\u00e7meye karar vermi\u015fti. Bununla birlikte hala t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada, \u00f6zellikle ticaret ve i\u015f yerlerinin y\u00f6netimi alanlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da bilmemiz gerekir. Peki bu sekt\u00f6rlerde hala kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00f6zellikleri neler? Gelin birlikte bu sorunun cevab\u0131na g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">COBOL&#8217;un \u00d6zellikleri;<\/h3>\n<ul data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">\n<li><strong>Basitlik ve Standardizasyon:<\/strong>\u00a0COBOL&#8217;un \u00f6\u011frenilmesi kolayd\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 bilgisayarlarda derlenip \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilen, standart ve d\u00fczenli kodlama stiline sahip bir dildir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">\n<li><strong>\u0130\u015f Odakl\u0131 \u00d6zellikleri:<\/strong>\u00a0COBOL&#8217;un geli\u015fmi\u015f dosya i\u015fleme becerisi, b\u00fcy\u00fck hacimli verileri i\u015flemesine olanak sa\u011flar. Yukar\u0131da belirtti\u011fim gibi \u00f6zellikle ticaret alan\u0131nda, ticari i\u015flemlerin %70&#8217;inden fazlas\u0131nda COBOL hala kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Bilhassa ATM i\u015flemlerinin %95\u2019lik k\u0131sm\u0131nda COBOL&#8217;un etkin oldu\u011funu da s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">\n<li><strong>Evrensellik:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Giri\u015fte de bahsetti\u011fim gibi 63 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir programlama dilinden bahsediyoruz. Hala d\u00fcnyada kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan da anlayabildi\u011fimiz \u00fczere COBOL bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fimlere ayak uydurabilmi\u015f bir dildir. Hala \u00e7ok say\u0131da cihazda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabiliyor ve neredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn bilgisayar platformlar\u0131 i\u00e7in test ara\u00e7lar\u0131 sunuyor. Her y\u0131l kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yeniliklerinden de mahrum etmedi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">\n<li><strong>Yap\u0131 ve \u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0COBOL\u2019da bulunan mant\u0131ksal denetim, yap\u0131lar\u0131 okumay\u0131, de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi ve hata ay\u0131klamay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca ilk \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biri olan platformlar aras\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nabilirli\u011finin yan\u0131nda, g\u00fcvenilir ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir bir dildir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-56995 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-2.png\" alt=\"yaz\u0131l\u0131mprogramlama\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-2.png 800w, https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-2-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-2-768x384.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: times; font-size: medium;\" data-keep-original-tag=\"false\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">Biraz da SEO hakk\u0131nda bilgi almak isterseniz:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dijitaldenemeler.blogspot.com\/2022\/09\/cobol-nedir-en-onemli-ozellikleri.html\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;data-original-href&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/dijitaldenemeler.blogspot.com\/2022\/09\/seo-nedir-7-admda-seo-uyumlu-bir-icerik.html&quot;,&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;target&quot;:&quot;_blank&quot;}\">SEO Nedir? 7 Ad\u0131mda SEO Uyumlu \u0130\u00e7erik Nas\u0131l Yaz\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">COBOL\u2019un B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yukar\u0131da \u00f6zelliklerinden de bahsetti\u011fimiz COBOL\u2019un gelin biraz da b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini tan\u0131yal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<h4 data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;style&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"><strong>1.Tan\u0131mlama B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm her COBOL&#8217;un ilk ve zorunlu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130sminden de anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi programla ilgili belli ba\u015fl\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar burada tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda program\u0131n yazar\u0131, s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc, tarihi gibi bilgiler de yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<strong>2.Ortam B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm COBOL\u2019u \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran sisteme ba\u011fl\u0131 olan dosyalar ve karakter k\u00fcmeleri gibi program \u00f6zelliklerini belirtmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yine ismi ile ili\u015fkilendirirsek, kullan\u0131lan program\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilgisayar ortam\u0131 ile ilgili detaylar\u0131 da bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yazar\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca programa girdi ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 (input-output) dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<strong>3.Veri B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COBOL&#8217;un yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerden birisidir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm de\u011fi\u015fkenleri ve parametreleri bildirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fkenlerin veri tipini, boyutunu, kullan\u0131m tipini vs. bildiririz.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<strong>4.Prosed\u00fcr B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COBOL&#8217;un ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr ve as\u0131l kodlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Program\u0131n mant\u0131ksal b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. C\/C++ programlar\u0131n\u0131n main() i\u015flevi gibi t\u00fcm COBOL programlar\u0131n\u0131n da bir prosed\u00fcr b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Programda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131 geldi\u011finde hemen ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z olan as\u0131l kodlar burada tutulur. Veri b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan tip tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fkenler bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-56996 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-4.png\" alt=\"ATMyaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-4.png 800w, https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-4-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Cobol-4-768x384.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yukar\u0131da b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini de anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m COBOL, 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda Microsoft taraf\u0131ndan piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclen .NET Framework 1.1 versiyonu ile desteklenmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Nesne Y\u00f6nelimli Programlama\u2019y\u0131 da destekleyen bir dil olarak \u00f6zellikle bankalar\u0131n sistemlerinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiriyor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Umar\u0131m yararlanabilece\u011finiz bir i\u00e7erik olmu\u015ftur. E\u011fer sadece yaz\u0131l\u0131mla de\u011fil\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dijitaldenemeler.blogspot.com\/\" data-original-attrs=\"{&quot;data-original-href&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/dijitaldenemeler.blogspot.com\/&quot;,&quot;target&quot;:&quot;_blank&quot;}\">dijital pazarlama<\/a>\u00a0ile de ilgiliyseniz di\u011fer i\u00e7eriklerime de g\u00f6z at\u0131n derim\ud83d\ude0a\u00a0Ba\u015fka yaz\u0131larda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek dile\u011fi ile\u00a0\ud83d\ude0a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yaz\u0131l\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermesi ile bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi yeni bir programlama dili \u00f6\u011frenme veya hali haz\u0131rda bildi\u011fi programlama dillerini geli\u015ftirme u\u011fra\u015f\u0131na girdi. Gelin bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde 63. isim y\u0131l\u0131na girecek bir programlama dili olan COBOL hakk\u0131nda biraz&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":428,"featured_media":56997,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1207,1234,1206],"tags":[1493,1494,1495],"class_list":["post-56992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kod-gelistirme","category-programlama-dilleri","category-yazilim","tag-cobol","tag-programlama-dili","tag-yazilim"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>COBOL Nedir? En \u00d6nemli \u00d6zellikleri Nelerdir? \/ Metrikolog - Earnado<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yaz\u0131l\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermesi ile bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi yeni bir programlama dili \u00f6\u011frenme u\u011fra\u015f\u0131na girdi. Gelin bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda bir programlama dili olan COBOL hakk\u0131nda biraz konu\u015fal\u0131m.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/earnado.com\/tr\/cobol-nedir-en-onemli-ozellikleri-nelerdir-metrikolog\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"COBOL Nedir? 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